| 4. Source Text: Hebrew (WLC) Isaiah 48:4:1 ⧉מִדַּעְתִּ֕יmidattifrom my knowing Isaiah 48:4:2 ⧉כִּ֥יkithat Isaiah 48:4:3 ⧉קָשֶׁ֖הkashehard Isaiah 48:4:4 ⧉אָ֑תָּהatayou are Isaiah 48:4:5 ⧉וְגִ֤ידvegidand sinew Isaiah 48:4:6 ⧉בַּרְזֶל֙barzeliron Isaiah 48:4:7 ⧉עָרְפֶּ֔ךָarpekhayour neck Isaiah 48:4:8 ⧉וּמִצְחֲךָ֖umitskhakhaand your forehead Isaiah 48:4:9 ⧉נְחוּשָֽׁה׃nekhushabronze |
| 4. Formal Translation Because I knew that you are stubborn, the sinew of iron is your neck and your forehead is bronze. |
| 4. Dynamic Translation Because I know you are obstinate; your neck is like an iron tendon and your forehead is like bronze. |