καὶ

Alphabet Analysis

The word

1. word🔊 καὶ

   kai

   and
2. sentence🔊 καὶ κατὰ πάσας τὰς συναγωγὰς πολλάκις τιμωρῶν αὐτοὺς ἠνάγκαζον βλασφημεῖν περισσῶς τε ἐμμαινόμενος αὐτοῖς ἐδίωκον ἕως καὶ εἰς τὰς ἔξω πόλεις

   kai ka-TA PA-sas tas sy-na-gô-GAS pol-LA-kis ti-mô-RÔN au-TOUS ê-NA-gka-zon blas-phê-MEIN pe-ris-SÔS te em-mai-NO-me-nos au-TOIS e-DI-ô-kon HE-ōs kai eis tas EK-sō PO-leis

   and throughout all the synagogues often punishing them I was compelling to blaspheme excessively and being enraged against them I was persecuting as far as even to the outside cities

Exegesis

The terminal prepositional phrase heōs kai eis tas exō poleis {ἕως καὶ εἰς τὰς ἔξω πόλεις | héōs kaì eis tàs éxō póleis} ‘even as far as the outer cities’ uses heōs with kai to mark an emphatic limit, and exō as an attributive adjective to emphasize places beyond the primary centers. In translation, these participles are rendered as finite or circumstantial clauses (“I often punished… I compelled… being exceedingly enraged… I persecuted”) to maintain readability while preserving the Greek sequence of repeated punitive action, coercion toward blasphemy, heightened emotional hostility, and the extension of persecution into more distant cities.