עֵ֨ד

Alphabet Analysis

The word

1. word🔊 עֵ֨ד

   ED

   a witness
2. phraseyour reading level🔊 לֹֽא־יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד אֶחָ֜ד

   LO-ya-KUM ED e-KHAD

   shall not arise a witness alone
3. clause🔊 לֹֽא־יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד אֶחָ֜ד בְּאִ֗ישׁ לְכָל־עָוֺן֙ וּלְכָל־חַטָּ֔את בְּכָל־חֵ֖טְא אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֽ͏ֶחֱטָ֑א

   LO-ya-KUM ED e-KHAD be-ISH le-KHOL-a-VON u-le-KHOL-khat-TAT be-KHOL-KHET a-sher ye-khe-TA

   shall not arise a witness alone against a person for any guilt or for any sin concerning any offense that he may commit
4. sentence🔊 לֹֽא־יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד אֶחָ֜ד בְּאִ֗ישׁ לְכָל־עָוֺן֙ וּלְכָל־חַטָּ֔את בְּכָל־חֵ֖טְא אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֽ͏ֶחֱטָ֑א עַל־פִּ֣י שְׁנֵ֣י עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ עַל־פִּ֥י שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־עֵדִ֖ים יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר׃

   LO-ya-KUM ED e-KHAD be-ISH le-KHOL-a-VON u-le-KHOL-khat-TAT be-KHOL-KHET a-sher ye-khe-TA al-PI she-NEI e-DEEM O al-PI she-lo-SHA-e-DEEM ya-KUM da-VAR

   shall not arise a witness alone against a person for any guilt or for any sin concerning any offense that he may commit on the testimony of two witnesses or on the testimony of three witnesses shall arise a matter

Exegesis

The verse follows a protasis–apodosis legal structure introduced by the negative particle lo {לֹא | lōʾ} ‘not’ and the verb yaqum {יָקוּם | yāqūm} ‘stand’, prohibiting claims based on a single ed echad {עֵד אֶחָד | ʿēd ʾeḥād} ‘one witness’.

Root and etymology

ʿ-w-d🔊 ע־ו־דʿayin–waw–dalet

“to witness”

• 🔊 עֵדוּתʿē-dûṯtestimonyExodus 25:16