4. Source Text: Hebrew (WLC) Isaiah 1:4:1 ⧉ה֣וֹיhoiwoe or ah Isaiah 1:4:2 ⧉גּ֣וֹיgoination Isaiah 1:4:3 ⧉חֹטֵ֗אkhotesinning or sinful Isaiah 1:4:4 ⧉עַ֚םampeople Isaiah 1:4:5 ⧉כֶּ֣בֶדkevedheavy Isaiah 1:4:6 ⧉עָוֺ֔ןavoniniquity or guilt Isaiah 1:4:7 ⧉זֶ֣רַעzeraseed or offspring Isaiah 1:4:8 ⧉מְרֵעִ֔יםmereimevildoers Isaiah 1:4:9 ⧉בָּנִ֖יםbanimsons or children Isaiah 1:4:10 ⧉מַשְׁחִיתִ֑יםmashkhitimdestroying or corrupting Isaiah 1:4:11 ⧉עָזְב֣וּazevuthey have forsaken Isaiah 1:4:12 ⧉אֶת־יְהוָ֗הetyahweh{direct object marker} the LORD Isaiah 1:4:13 ⧉נִֽאֲצ֛וּniatsuthey have spurned or despised Isaiah 1:4:14 ⧉אֶת־קְד֥וֹשׁetkedosh{direct object marker} the Holy One Isaiah 1:4:15 ⧉יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelof Israel Isaiah 1:4:16 ⧉נָזֹ֥רוּnazoruthey have turned aside or become estranged Isaiah 1:4:17 ⧉אָחֽוֹר׃akhorbackward or behind |
4. Formal Translation Ah! Sinful nation, a people weighed down by iniquity, offspring of evildoers, children who are destroyers. They have forsaken the LORD {Yahweh, Covenant Judge}, they have despised the Holy One of Israel; they have turned backward. |
4. Dynamic Translation Oh, sinful nation! The people are burdened with guilt, descendants of evildoers, and their children are corrupters. They have abandoned the LORD {Yahweh, Righteous Ruler}, they have insulted the Holy One of Israel and turned their backs on Him. |