Isaiah 13:7ExegesisTAB

Isaiah 13 : 7 Weakness | Fear | Mortality
7. Linguistic Exegesis
The causal prepositional phrase al-ken {עַל־כֵן | ʿal-kên} ‘therefore’ links this oracle to the preceding judgment. The universal quantifier kôl {כֹּל | kôl} heads two parallel nominal constructions, kôl-yă-ḏă-yîm {כָּל־יָדַיִם | kôl-yă-ḏă-yîm} and kôl-lē-ḇāḇ {כָּל־לְבַב | kôl-lē-ḇāḇ}, underscoring totality in physical agency and inner resolve. The verb tir-p̄ê-nāh {תִּרְפֶּינָה | tir-p̄ê-nāh} in the qal imperfect third person feminine plural agrees with the dual noun, conveying definitive future weakening. In the second clause, the noun lē-ḇāḇ {לֵבָב | lē-ḇāḇ} ‘heart’ functions metaphorically as the seat of determination, while ʾə-nôš {אֱנוֹשׁ | ʾə-nôš} ‘mortal one’ highlights human frailty. The niphal imperfect yim-mâs {יִמָּס | yim-mâs} expresses reflexive melting or disintegration. The Hebrew poetic parallelism and future aspect are preserved in English by maintaining the twofold structure and the sense of impending collapse.

More on this verse