καὶ

Alphabet Analysis

The word

1. word🔊 καὶ

   KAI

   and
2. sentence🔊 καὶ ἐπληρώθη ἡ γραφὴ ἡ λέγουσα Ἐπίστευσεν δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην καὶ φίλος θεοῦ ἐκλήθη

   KAI e-plê-RO-thê hê gra-PHÊ hê LE-gou-sa e-PI-steu-sen de a-bra-AM tôi the-ÔI KAI e-lo-GI-sthê au-TÔI eis di-kai-o-SY-nên KAI PHI-los the-OU e-KLÊ-thê

   and was fulfilled the Scripture the saying believed and Abraham to the God and was counted to him as righteousness and friend of God was called

Exegesis

The verse begins with kai eplērōthē {καὶ ἐπληρώθη | kaí eplērṓthē} ‘and was fulfilled,’ linking this clause to the preceding argument and employing an aorist passive verb to present the fulfillment of Scripture as a completed event.

The next clause, kai elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn {καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην | kaí elogísthē autō̂ eis dikaiosýnēn}, uses a divine passive to show the crediting of righteousness to Abraham, with autō as the recipient and eis dikaiosynēn expressing the result.

The final clause, kai philos theou eklēthē {καὶ φίλος θεοῦ ἐκλήθη | kaí phílos theoû eklḗthē}, places the predicate nominative before the passive verb to highlight Abraham’s honored status, indicating that he was called into a privileged relationship. In translation, the quotation is preserved, the passive verbs are maintained to reflect divine action, and the sequence from belief to righteousness to relational status is clearly rendered in English.

Root and etymology

dik-🔊 δικ-delta–iota–kappa

“just, right”

• 🔊 δικαιόωdikaióōto justifyRomans 3:24
• 🔊 δίκαιοςdíkaiosrighteousMatthew 1:19