| 32. Linguistic Exegesis The clause begins with the verb paradothesetai {παραδοθήσεται | paradothḗsetai} ‘he will be delivered over,’ followed immediately by the postpositive particle gar {γὰρ | gàr} ‘for,’ which links this prediction causally to the preceding statement. The dative phrase tois ethnēsin {τοῖς ἔθνεσιν | toîs éth-ne-sin} ‘to the Gentiles’ specifies those to whom He will be handed over. A coordinated chain of future passive indicative verbs—empaichthēsetai {ἐμπαιχθήσεται | empaichthḗsetai} ‘he will be mocked,’ hybristēsetai {ὑβρισθήσεται | hybristḗsetai} ‘he will be insulted,’ emptusthēsetai {ἐμπτυσθήσεται | emptusthḗsetai} ‘he will be spat upon’—each linked by kai {καὶ | kaí} ‘and,’ creates a rhythmic escalation of abuse. The repeated passive forms keep the focus on the suffering of the implied subject rather than on the agents, which is preserved in English by maintaining passive constructions in the formal rendering. In the dynamic rendering, the implicit agents are made explicit (“they will mock Him”) to clarify that the Gentiles are performing these actions, while still reflecting the same sequence and cumulative force of humiliation present in the Greek syntax. |