| 26. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with meshadded {מְשַׁדֶּד | mĕšaddēḏ} ‘one who devastates’, a Piel participle functioning as the subject linked by a maqqef to av {אָב | ʾāḇ} ‘father’. The conjunction waw introduces yavriach {יַבְרִיחַ | yāvrîaḥ} ‘drives away’, a Hiphil imperfect signaling causative action on em {אֵם | ʾēm} ‘mother’. The noun ben {בֵּן | bēn} ‘son’ precedes two parallel participles, mebish {מֵבִישׁ | mēbîš} ‘causing shame’ and umachpir {וּמַחְפִּיר | ū-maḥpîr} ‘bringing disgrace’, forming a chiastic structure that heightens moral rebuke. The coordinating waw before umachpir adds cumulative emphasis, and the participial clauses in English preserve the sense of ongoing reproach. |