| 24. Linguistic Exegesis This proverb begins with a subject participle clause introduced by cholek {חוֹלֵ֣ק | ḥō-lēq} ‘one who shares’, followed by the prepositional phrase im {עִם־ | ʿim} with its object ganav {גַּ֭נָּב | gannāḇ} ‘thief’, establishing wrongful association. A second participle, sone {שׂוֹנֵ֣א | sōnē} ‘one who hates’, takes nafsho {נַּפְשׁ֑וֹ | nap̄-shō} ‘his soul’ as a reflexive object, highlighting self-destructive intent. The verse then shifts to a nominal clause with alah {אָלָ֥ה | ʻā-lāh} ‘oath/curse’ as the object of the imperfect yishma {יִשְׁמַ֗ע | yiš-maʿ} ‘he hears’. The adversative velo yagid {וְלֹ֣א יַגִּֽיד | wə-lōʾ ya-gîd} ‘and does not declare’ contrasts perception with silence. This two-part parallelism emphasizes moral complicity and deliberate concealment, and the hiphil voice of yagid intensifies the subject’s active refusal to disclose. |