πενθοῦντες

Alphabet Analysis

The word

1. word🔊 πενθοῦντες

   pen-THOUN-tes

   mourning
2. sentence🔊 καὶ ἔβαλον χοῦν ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν καὶ ἔκραξαν κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες λέγοντες Οὐαὶ οὐαί ἡ πόλις ἡ μεγάλη ἐν ᾗ ἐπλούτησαν πάντες οἱ ἔχοντες τὰ πλοῖα ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἐκ τῆς τιμιότητος αὐτῆς ὅτι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη

   KAI E-ba-lon khoon e-PI tas ke-pha-LAS au-TŌN KAI E-kra-ksan KLAI-on-tes KAI pen-THOUN-tes LE-gon-tes ou-AI ou-AI hê PO-lis hê me-GA-lê en hêi e-PLOU-tê-san PAN-tes hoi E-khon-tes ta PLOI-a en têi tha-LAS-sêi ek tês ti-mi-O-tê-tos au-TÊS HO-ti mi-AI HÔ-ra ê-rê-MÔ-thê

   and they threw dust upon the heads of them and they cried out weeping and mourning saying alas alas the city the great in in which became rich all the having the ships in the sea from the wealth of her because in one hour she was laid waste

Exegesis

Three present participles, klaiontes, penthountes, legontes {κλαίοντες, πενθοῦντες, λέγοντες | klái-on-tes, pen-thoûn-tes, lég-on-tes}, are chained to describe ongoing weeping, mourning, and speaking, heightening the emotional continuity around the finite verb “they cried out.”

The relative clause en hē eploutesan pantes hoi echontes ta ploia en tē thalassē {ἐν ᾗ ἐπλούτησαν πάντες οἱ ἔχοντες τὰ πλοῖα ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ | en hē e-plóu-tē-san pán-tes hoi é-khon-tes tá ploî-a en tē tha-lás-sē} specifies the beneficiaries of the city’s trade, with the aorist eploutesan marking their enrichment as a completed reality and echontes as a substantival participle, “those who had.”