| 45. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with houtos {οὕτως | hoútōs} 'thus' and kai {καὶ | kaí} 'and,' introducing the scriptural citation with gegraptai {γέγραπται | gégraptai} 'it is written.' The verb egeneto {Ἐγένετο | Egéneto} 'became' connects two parallel subjects, ho protos anthropos Adam {ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος Ἀδὰμ | ho prōtos ánthrōpos Adám} 'the first man Adam' and ho eschatos Adam {ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ | ho éschatos Adám} 'the last Adam,' each followed by an eis + predicate accusative construction: psychēn zōsan {ψυχὴν ζῶσαν | psychḗn zōsan} 'a living soul' vs. pneuma zōopoioún {πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν | pneûma zōopoioún} 'a life-giving spirit.' The present participles zōsan and zōopoioún serve adjectivally, emphasizing the first Adam’s passive receipt of life and the last Adam’s active impartation, creating a typological contrast grounded in Genesis 2:7 LXX. |