| 5. Linguistic Exegesis The conjunction kai {καί | kaí} ‘and’ links this clause to Paul’s preceding summary of resurrection appearances. The particle hoti {ὅτι | hó-ti} ‘that’ introduces a reported content clause. The aorist passive indicative verb ōphthē {ὤφθη | ōph-thē} underscores the objective reality of the risen Christ’s visibility. The dative Kēpha {Κηφᾷ | Kē-phā} identifies Cephas as the first eyewitness, while the adverb eita {εἶτα | eî-ta} ‘then’ marks the sequence moving to a group appearance. The phrase tois dōdeka {τοῖς δώδεκα | toîs dō-de-ka} uses article plus numeral to denote the recognized apostolic circle. Syntactically, this hoti-clause continues the series of affirmations underscoring multiple witnesses to the resurrection. |