| 6. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the temporal adverb epeita {ἔπειτα | é-pei-ta} ‘after that’, which sequences this appearance in Paul’s resurrection argument. The aorist passive indicative ōphthē {ὤφθη | ō-ph-thē} ‘He was seen / appeared’ presents a completed event with objective emphasis. The dative prepositional phrase epanō pentakosiois adelphois {ἐπάνω πεντακοσίοις ἀδελφοῖς | epá-nō pen-ta-ko-sí-ois a-del-phoîs} ‘to more than five hundred brothers’ uses epanō to indicate excess and the dative to mark recipients. The adverb ephapax {ἐφάπαξ | e-phá-pax} ‘all at once’ underscores simultaneity. The relative clause introduced by ex hōn {ἐξ ὧν | ex hōn} ‘from whom’ qualifies this group, with the substantive nominative hoi pleiones {οἱ πλείονες | hoi pleí-o-nes} ‘the majority’ as subject of menousin {μένουσιν | mé-nou-sin} ‘remain’, and heōs arti {ἕως ἄρτι | hé-ōs ár-ti} ‘until now’ marking temporal limit. The coordinating de {δέ | de} ‘but’ contrasts tines {τινές | ti-nés} ‘some’ as subject of the aorist passive ekoimēthēsan {ἐκοιμήθησαν | e-koi-mē-thē-san} ‘have fallen asleep’, a conventional Pauline euphemism for death that reinforces resurrection hope. The complex Greek structure is thus rendered in English with clear temporal markers and contrastive conjunctions. |