1 Samuel 13:18ExegesisTAB

1 Samuel 13 : 18 Division | Movement | Geography
18. Linguistic Exegesis
The verse opens with the coordinated nominal phrase ve-harosh echad {וְהָרֹאשׁ אֶחָד | wə-hā-rō-š ʾe-ḥād} ‘and-the-chief one’, introducing two parallel troop divisions. The verb yipneh {יִפְנֶה | yi-p̄·nē} ‘will-turn’ is Qal imperfect, forming a directional clause with derekh {דֶּרֶךְ | de-reḵ} ‘way’. Beit choron {בֵּית חֹר֑וֹן | bēyṯ ḥō-rōn} ‘house of Horon’ appears in construct to indicate the route to Beth Horon. The second unit repeats the pattern with another yipneh derekh pair, then specifies a vantage border using the participle han-nishkaf {הַנִּשְׁקָ֛ף | han-niš-qāḳ} ‘overlooking’ in ha-gevul han-nishkaf {הַגְּב֔וּל הַנִּשְׁקָ֛ף | ha-gə-būl han-niš-qāḳ} ‘the-border overlooking’. The phrase al-gei ha-tsebo‘im {עַל־גֵּי הַצְּבֹעִים | ʿal-gei ha-tse-ṿō·ʿîm} ‘over-the-valley of the Zeboim’ uses a construct chain for geographic specificity. Finally the directional he in ha-midbarah {הַמִּדְבָּרָה | ha-mid-bar-ā-h} ‘toward-the-wilderness’ indicates movement toward the desert region. The parallel structure highlights distribution of forces, which is maintained in English SVO order while preserving Hebrew coordination and participle emphasis.

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