| 18. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the vav-consecutive imperfect verb vayomer {וַיֹּאמֶר | va-yō-mer} ‘and he said’, marking the start of Jonathan’s address. The proper noun Yehonatan {יְהוֹנָתָן | ye-hō-nā-than} is subject, with the prepositional phrase el-David {אֶל־דָּוִד | ʾel dā-wid} indicating the addressee. The temporal adverb machar {מָחָר | mā-ḥār} situates the speech in the immediate future. The noun chadashim {חֲדָשִׁים | ḥa-ḏā-šîm}, though plural, functions idiomatically as “new moon festival.” The coordinating vav in vetitad’ed {וְתִתְעַדֵּד | wə-tit-ʿa-deḏ} introduces the result clause with a future passive nuance. The conjunction ki {כִּי | kî} signals the causal clause, followed by the Qal imperfect teḥsar {תֶּחְסָר | te-ḥō-sar} ‘you will lack’, governing moshbecha {מוֹשְׁבְּךָ | mō-šə-bbe-kha} ‘your seat’, which is modified by the adjective reqah {רֵיקָה | rē-qā(h)} ‘empty’. The use of vav-consecutive narrative and imperfect forms drives the unfolding of promise and consequence. |