| 14. Linguistic Exegesis The verse presents a threefold benediction using three articular nominative nouns in parallel: charis {χάρις | chá-ris} ‘grace,’ agapē {ἀγάπη | agá-pē} ‘love,’ and koinōnía {κοινωνία | koi-nō-ní-a} ‘fellowship.’ Each is followed by a genitive phrase specifying its divine source: tou kyriou Iēsou Khristou {τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | toû ky-rí-ou Iē-soû Khris-toû}, tou theoû {τοῦ θεοῦ | toû the-oû}, and tou hagiou pneumatos {τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος | toû ha-gí-ou pneú-ma-tos}. The repeated conjunction kai {καὶ | kaí} links them paratactically, giving equal weight to the three persons of the Trinity. The implied optative “be” is made explicit in English to preserve the jussive sense typical of Greek blessing formulas. The prepositional phrase meta pántōn humōn {μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν | me-tà pán-tōn hy-mōn} ‘with all of you’ denotes the beneficiaries, conveying inclusiveness and ongoing fellowship. |