καὶ

Alphabet Analysis

The word

1. word🔊 καὶ

   KAI

   and
2. sentence🔊 Καὶ ἔσται ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις λέγει ὁ θεός ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα καὶ προφητεύσουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ οἱ νεανίσκοι ὑμῶν ὁράσεις ὄψονται καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ὑμῶν ἐνυπνίοις ἐνυπνιασθήσονται

   KAI ES-tai en TAIS es-KHA-tais hê-ME-rais LE-gei ho the-OS ek-khe-O a-PO tou pneu-ma-TOS mou e-PI PA-san SAR-ka KAI pro-phê-TEU-sou-sin hoi hy-oi hy-MON KAI hai thy-ga-TE-res hy-MON KAI hoi ne-a-NIS-koi hy-MON ho-RA-seis OP-son-tai KAI hoi pres-BY-te-roi hy-MON e-nyp-NI-ois e-nyp-ni-as-THÊ-son-tai

   and it will be in the last days says the God I will pour out from the Spirit my upon all flesh and they will prophesy the sons of you and the daughters of you and the young men of you visions they will see and the older men of you in dreams they will dream

Exegesis

The verse begins with the clause kai estai {Καὶ ἔσται | Kaì é-stai} “and it will be,” a future middle indicative that introduces a solemn prophetic declaration, echoing formulaic language from prophetic texts.

The first result is propheteusousin hoi huioi humon kai hai thugateres humon {προφητεύσουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες ὑμῶν | pro-phē-TEU-sou-sin hoi hu-ioí hy-môn kai hai thu-ga-TÉ-res hy-môn} “your sons and your daughters will prophesy,” where the subject groups are coordinated by kai and placed after the verb, allowing the focus to fall first on the charismatic activity “will prophesy.”

The next clause, kai hoi neaniskoi humon horaseis opsontai {καὶ οἱ νεανίσκοι ὑμῶν ὁράσεις ὄψονται | kaí hoi ne-a-nís-koi hy-môn ho-rá-seis óp-son-tai} “and your young men will see visions,” places the object horaseis “visions” directly before the middle verb opsontai “they will see,” underscoring the experiential nature of their visionary encounters.

The final parallel clause, kai hoi presbuteroi humon enupniois enupniasthēsontai {καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι ὑμῶν ἐνυπνίοις ἐνυπνιασθήσονται | kaí hoi pres-bý-te-roi hy-môn en-up-ní-ois en-up-ni-as-thḗ-son-tai} “and your elders will dream with dreams,” uses a dative of means or sphere (enupniois “in dreams” or “by dreams”) with the deponent passive verb enupniasthēsontai “they will dream.” The progression sons and daughters → young men → elders creates an inclusive age spectrum and male–female pairing, which the translation preserves by maintaining the repeated “your” and parallel clause structure. Maintaining the future indicative verbs and coordinated clauses in English mirrors the prophetic cadence and highlights that these distributed revelatory gifts are the direct outcome of the promised outpouring of the Spirit.