| 23. Linguistic Exegesis The verse consists of a series of coordinated genitive participial phrases describing the crowd’s hostile actions. The participles kraugazonton {κραυγαζόντων | kraugazóntōn} ‘while they were shouting’, rhiptountōn {ῥιπτούντων | rhiptoúntōn} ‘while they were throwing’, and ballontōn {βαλλόντων | ballóntōn} ‘while they were casting’ are all genitive masculine plural and relate to autōn {αὐτῶν | autōn} ‘of them’, referring to the hostile crowd. The combination of te {τε | te} and kai {καὶ | kaí} coordinates these participles to present the actions as simultaneous. The objects ta himatia {τὰ ἱμάτια | tá himátia} ‘the garments’ and koniorton {κονιορτὸν | koniortón} ‘dust’ are governed by rhiptountōn and ballontōn respectively, while the prepositional phrase eis tón aéra {εἰς τὸν ἀέρα | eis tón aéra} ‘into the air’ specifies the direction of the dust, enhancing the sense of chaos. In English, the genitive participles are rendered as progressive verbs (“were shouting,” “throwing off,” “casting”) to preserve the ongoing aspect and vividness of the scene. |