| 21. Linguistic Exegesis The opening vehu {וְהוּא | wə-hū} functions as a resumptive conjunctive pronoun emphasizing divine agency. The paired participles mehashneh {מְהַשְׁנֵא | mə-haš-nê} ‘changes’ and mehadde {מְהַעְדֵּה | mə-haʿ-dê} ‘removes’ in the Pael stem form a verbal parallelism that underscores continuous divine action over iddanayya {עִדָּנַיָּא | ʿid-da-nay-yā} ‘times’ and vezimnayya {וְזִמְנַיָּא | wə-zim-nay-yā} ‘seasons’. The chiastic balance of mehadde and umehaqem {וּמְהָקֵים | ū-mə-hā-qêm} brackets malkhin {מַלְכִין | mal-khīn} ‘kings’, highlighting sovereignty in dethronement and enthronement. The distributive yahev {יָהֵב | yā-hêv} ‘gives’ leads into two parallel clauses: chokmeta {חָכְמְתָא | ḥāḵ-mə-ṯā} ‘wisdom’ for lekhakkimin {לְחַכִּימִין | lə-ḥak-kî-mīn} ‘the wise’, and mandea {וּמַנְדְּעָא | ū-man-də-ʿā} ‘knowledge’ for those denoted by leyadei vinah {לְיָדְעֵי בִינָה | lə-yad-ʿê vî-nā} ‘those knowing understanding’. The structure is preserved in translation by maintaining verb-first clauses and connectives for natural flow. |