| 16. Linguistic Exegesis The verse presents an enumerative series marked by the direct-object marker et {אֶת־ | ʾeṯ-} and the conjunction wə-ʾeṯ {וְאֶת־ | wə-ʾeṯ-}, identifying particular unclean birds. Each noun appears with the definite article ha {הַ | ha-} in absolute state on ha-qōs {הַכּ֥וֹס | ha-qōs}, ha-yanšûf {הַיַּנְשׁ֖וּף | ha-yanšûf}, and ha-tinšāmēṯ {הַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת | ha-tinšāmēṯ}, single-out specific species. The pattern (noun + and + noun + and + noun) forms a cohesive list without an explicit verb, reflecting the elliptical style of Levitical dietary listings. In English translation, object markers are omitted, and a predicate (“are unclean”/“are forbidden…to eat”) completes the clause while preserving the Hebrew sequence. |