| 15. Linguistic Exegesis The universal quantifier kol {כָּל | kāl} introduces two parallel participial Nifal clauses. The first participle ha-nimtsa {הַנִּמְצָא | han-nim-ṣāʾ} “found” is linked to the Nifal imperfect verb yidaker {יִדָּקֵר | yiḏ-dā-qēr} “shall be pierced,” establishing a passive judgment action. The coordinating conjunction ve-kol {וְכָל | wə-kāl} marks the second parallel clause with ha-nispeh {הַנִּסְפֶּה | han-nis-pēh} “caught up,” followed by the Qal imperfect yipol {יִּפּוֹל | yi-p-pōl} “shall fall.” The prepositional phrase be-cherev {בֶּחָרֶב | bə-ḥā-rev} “by the sword” specifies the instrument in both clauses. This chiastic parallelism emphasizes the certainty of divine retribution. |