| 11. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with hurad {הוּרַ֥ד | hû-rāḏ} ‘has been brought down’, a Hofal perfect conveying passive state, followed by the coordinated nouns Sheol {שְׁאוֹל | šəʾōl} ‘Sheol’, geonekha {גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ | gəʾôneḵā} ‘your pride’, and hemyat nevalekha {הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶיךָ | hem-yāṯ nəḇāləḵā} ‘noise of your stringed instruments’ without conjunction, producing cumulative humiliation. The locative prepositional suffix in takhtekha {תַּחְתֶּיךָ | taḥtēḵā} ‘beneath you’ introduces the Pual perfect yutsa {יֻצַּע | yûṣʿā} ‘is spread’, presenting rimmah {רִמָּה | rim-māh} ‘maggot’ as predicate. The conjunctive participle umechasekha {וּמְכַסֶּיךָ | umeḥasseḵā} ‘and your covering’ forms a parallel clause with the nominal predicate toleah {תּוֹלֵעָה | tōlēʿāh} ‘worm’. The chiastic pairing of maggot and worm intensifies the theme of decay. |