| 2. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with chazut {חָז֥וּת | ḥā-zûṯ} ‘vision’ modified by kashah {קָשָׁ֖ה | qā-šāh} ‘harsh,’ setting a prophetic tone. The Pual perfect huggad-li {הֻגַּד־לִ֑י | hūg-ɡaḏ-lî} ‘was declared to me’ indicates a passive reception by the prophet. The paired participles ha-boged {הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד | ha-bō-ḡēḏ} ‘the betrayer’/boged {בּוֹגֵד֙ | bō-ḡēḏ} ‘betrays’ and ve-ha-shoded {וְהַשּׁוֹדֵ֣ד | wə-ha-šō-ḏēḏ} ‘and the spoiler’/shoded {שׁוֹדֵ֔ד | šō-ḏēḏ} ‘spoils’ employ parallelism for emphasis. The imperatives ali {עֲלִ֤י | ʿă-lî} ‘go up’ and tzuri {צוּרִ֣י | ṣū-rî} ‘besiege’ call on Elam and Media, framing judgment. The construct kol-anchatah {כָּל־אַנְחָתָ֖ה | kāl-ʼăn-ḥā-tā} ‘all sighing’ with Hiphil perfect hishbati {הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי | hiš-ba-tî} ‘I have made cease’ portrays decisive divine action ending lament. The translation preserves Hebrew parallelism and emphatic progression from vision to judgment to cessation of suffering. |