| 7. Linguistic Exegesis The sentence begins with the universal quantifier pasa {πᾶσα | pâ-sa} ‘every’, linked by the postpositive conjunction gar {γὰρ | gar} ‘for’ to the preceding context. The head noun phusis {φύσις | phý-sis} ‘nature’ serves as subject, followed by a coordinated series of genitives therion {θηρίων | thē-rí-ōn} ‘of wild animals’, peteinon {πετεινῶν | pe-tei-nôn} ‘of birds’, herpeton {ἑρπετῶν | her-pe-tôn} ‘of reptiles’, and enalion {ἐναλίων | e-na-lí-ōn} ‘of sea creatures’ that define the universality. The paired enclitic te…kai and te…kai unify the groups stylistically. The passive verbs damazetai {δαμάζεται | da-má-ze-tai} ‘is being tamed’ (present) and dedamastai {δεδάμασται | de-dá-mas-tai} ‘has been tamed’ (perfect) express progressive and completed states. The dative phrase tē phusei tē anthropinē {τῇ φύσει τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ | tē phý-sei tē an-thrō-pí-nē} functions as instrument, indicating agency ‘by human nature.’ The Greek features of genitive classification, aspect, and instrumental dative are rendered as enumeration, dual-aspect passive, and ‘by’ in English to reflect the original emphasis on human dominion over creatures. |