| 10. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the vav-consecutive ve-shillachti {וְשִׁלַּ֣חְתִּי | wə-šil-laḥ-tî} ‘and I will send’, foregrounding divine initiative in judgment. The phrase bam {בָ֔ם | ḇām} ‘among them’ identifies the recipients. A trio of direct objects is introduced by successive et {אֶת־ | ʾeṯ}, et, and ve-et {וְאֶת־ | wə-ʾeṯ}, listing the calamities hacherev {הַחֶ֖רֶב | ha-ḥe-reḇ} ‘the sword’, haraav {הָרָעָ֣ב | hā-rā-ʿāḇ} ‘the famine’, and haddever {הַדָּ֑בֶר | ha-dā-ḇer} ‘the pestilence’, with parallelism that intensifies the scope of the threat. The Pual imperfect tum-mām {תֻּמָּם֙ | tum-mām} ‘they are consumed’ expresses completed passive destruction. The idiom me-al ha-adamah {מֵעַ֣ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה | mē-ʿal hā-ʾă-ḏā-māh} ‘from upon the land’ signifies removal from the territory. The relative clause ʾasher nā-taṯ-tî lā-hem wə-la-ʾă-ḇō-ṯê-hem {אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָהֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבוֹתֵיהֶֽם | ʾă-šer nā-taṯ-tî lā-hem wə-la-ʾă-ḇō-ṯê-hem} links the punitive action to the land previously given, highlighting the breach of the covenant gift. The translation preserves the cumulative structure and temporal sequence to reflect the original Hebrew emphasis. |