| 43. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with kitteru {כִּתְּרוּ | kiṭ-ṭə-rû} “they surrounded,” which, with the object marker et {אֶת־ | ʾet}, directs the action toward binyamin {בִּנְיָמִן | bin·ya·mîn}. The successive Hiphil verbs hirdifu-hu {הִרְדִיפֻהוּ | hir·dî·pû·hû} “they pursued him” and hidrikhuhu {הִדְרִיכֻהוּ | hid·rî·ḵû·hû} “they trampled him down” intensify the chase. The unmarked noun menuchah {מְנוּחָה | mə·nû·ḥâ} functions as the starting point for trampling rather than indicating rest, while the preposition ad {עַד | ʿad} marks extension of action to nochakh ha-givah {נֹכַח הַגִּבְעָה | nō·ḥaḥ ha·ġî·ḇā} “until opposite Givah,” and the locative phrase mimmizrach-shemesh {מִמִּזְרַח־שָׁמֶשׁ | mim·miz·rāḥ-šā·meš} specifies orientation from the sunrise. |