| 10. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the adversative conjunction allʼ {ἀλλʼ | allʼ} ‘but’, contrasting this instruction with prior conduct. The temporal clause hotan klēthēs {ὅταν κληθῇς | hó-tan klē-thḗs} ‘whenever you are invited’ employs the aorist passive subjunctive to express a repeated situation of being summoned. The aorist participle poreutheis {πορευθεὶς | po-reu-theís} ‘having gone’ functions adverbially, linked to the imperative anapese {ἀνάπεσε | a-ná-pe-se} ‘recline’ to instruct sequence. The noun phrase eschaton topon {ἔσχατον τόπον | é-scha-ton tó-pon} ‘lowest place’ uses an attributive adjective to emphasize taking the least prominent position. The purpose clause with hina {ἵνα | hí-na} governs the second hotan elthē {ὅταν ἔλθῃ | hó-tan él-thē} ‘when he comes’, again using the aorist subjunctive for an expected event. In this clause, the perfect participle ho keklēkōs {ὁ κεκληκώς | ho ke-klē-kṓs} ‘the one who has invited’ acts as subject to the future verb erei {ἐρεῖ | e-reî} ‘will say’. Direct speech follows with the vocative phile {Φίλε | Phí-le} ‘Friend’ and the imperative prosanabēthi anōteron {προσανάβηθι ἀνώτερον | pro-sa-na-bē-thi a-nṓ-te-ron} ‘move up higher’, signifying a change in seating status. The result clause introduced by tote {τότε | tó-te} ‘then’ presents estai soi doxa {ἔσται σοι δόξα | é-stai soi dó-xa} ‘there will be honor for you’, where the dative soi marks benefit. Finally, the prepositional phrase enōpion pantōn tōn synanakeimenōn soi {ἐνώπιον πάντων τῶν συνανακειμένων σοι | e-nṓ-pi-on pán-tōn tôn syn-a-na-kei-me-nṓn soi} ‘before all who are reclining with you’ employs a genitive articular participle to depict fellow diners, framing the public recognition within the communal meal setting. |