Matthew 20:12:19Matt.20.12.W19TAB
καὶ
kai
“and”
- Transliteration
- KAI
- Extended
- KAI
- IPA
- /ˈkai/
Meaning by language
- English
- and
Alphabet Analysis
| Kappa | k — as in kite | |
| Alpha | ah — as in father | |
| Iota | i — as in machine |
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The word
Word in context
- word
KAI
- phraseyour reading level
KAI I-soos au-TOUS hê-MIN e-poi-Ê-sas TOIS bas-TA-sa-si TO BA-ros TÊS hê-ME-ras KAI TON KAU-sô-na
- clause
OO-toi hoi ES-kha-toi MI-an HÔ-ran e-poi-Ê-san KAI I-soos au-TOUS hê-MIN e-poi-Ê-sas TOIS bas-TA-sa-si TO BA-ros TÊS hê-ME-ras KAI TON KAU-sô-na
- sentence
LE-gon-tes OO-toi hoi ES-kha-toi MI-an HÔ-ran e-poi-Ê-san KAI I-soos au-TOUS hê-MIN e-poi-Ê-sas TOIS bas-TA-sa-si TO BA-ros TÊS hê-ME-ras KAI TON KAU-sô-na
Exegesis
The second clause coordinates with kai {καὶ | kaí} ‘and’ and shifts focus to the master’s action: the adjective isous {ἴσους | í-sous} ‘equal’ governs the object autous {αὐτοὺς | au-toús} ‘them’ in contrast to the indirect object hemin {ἡμῖν | hē-mîn} ‘to us’, while the aorist verb epoiesas {ἐποίησας | e-poí-e-sas} ‘you made’ expresses the perceived injustice of equal treatment.
This is further defined by the compound object phrase to baros tes hemeras kai ton kausona {τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τὸν καύσωνα | tó bá-ros tês hē-MÉ-ras kai tón kaú-sō-na}, “the burden of the day and the heat,” which uses coordination to highlight cumulative hardship. In translation, the aorists are rendered with simple past or present perfect forms to mirror the completed action within the narrative, while the participial construction is smoothed into a relative clause (“who have borne”) or causal nuance (“even though we carried”) to maintain clarity and the tone of complaint in English.
Root and etymology
dikedelta–iota–kappa–eta
“justice, right”
In context — Matthew 20:12
Saying, “These last have worked one hour, and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat .”
About this coordinate
Matthew 20:12:19 is a BCV:P reference — Book · Chapter · Verse · Word Position. It addresses word 19 of Matthew 20:12, so the Greek word καὶ (kai) can be cited, linked and studied at exactly this position rather than somewhere in the verse. In the Biblical Knowledge Coordinate System the same position is written Matt.20.12.W19, which extends further down to each syllable (Matt.20.12.W19.S1) and character.