| 11. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with kai eidon {Καὶ εἶδον | Kaì eî-don} ‘and I saw’, a common apocalyptic vision-introducing formula where the first person aorist indicative presents a new scene. The object of this seeing is allo therion {ἄλλο θηρίον | ál-lo thē-rí-on} ‘another beast’, with the adjective allo emphasizing a further, distinct entity in comparison to the previous beast. The participle anabainon {ἀναβαῖνον | a-na-bai'-non} ‘coming up’ follows the noun and functions attributively, so the sense is “another beast that was rising.” The source of this emergence is expressed by the prepositional phrase ek tes ges {ἐκ τῆς γῆς | ek tês gês} ‘out of the earth’, in contrast to beasts arising from the sea elsewhere, marking a shift in symbolic origin. A second clause linked by kai {καὶ | kaí} introduces the imperfect eichen {εἶχεν | eî-chen} ‘it had’, which gives a durative, descriptive portrayal of the beast’s characteristic features, here kerata duo homoia arnio {κέρατα δύο ὅμοια ἀρνίῳ | ké-ra-ta dú-o hó-moi-a ar-ní-ō} ‘two horns like a lamb’, with homoia plus the dative arnio forming a comparison of external likeness. A third coordinated clause uses the imperfect elalei {ἐλάλει | e-lá-lei} ‘it was speaking’, again descriptive, modified by hos drakon {ὡς δράκων | hōs drá-kōn} ‘as a dragon’, where hos introduces a simile that contrasts inner nature (speech) with outward lamb-like appearance. The sequence of coordinated clauses and participial modification builds a rhetorical contrast: one beast, one origin, but a duality of appearance and voice. In translation, the participle is rendered with a finite “coming up” or “rising” to maintain clarity in English, and the repeated kai is preserved as “and/then” to reflect the paratactic, unfolding style of the vision report. |