| 2. Linguistic Exegesis kai {καὶ | kaí} ‘and’ begins this vision report, linking it to the preceding narrative. The finite verb ekraxen {ἔκραξεν | é-kra-xen} ‘cried out’ serves as the main action, while the instrumental phrase en ischyra phōnē {ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ | en is-chy-râi phō-nēi} ‘in a mighty voice’ highlights the force of the proclamation. The participle legōn {λέγων | lé-gōn} ‘saying’ introduces the direct speech, which opens with the emphatic doubling epesen epesen {ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν | é-pe-sen é-pe-sen} ‘fallen, fallen’, a Semitic intensification. The subject Babylōn hē megalē {Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Ba-by-lōn hē me-gá-lē} ‘Babylon the great’ combines article and adjective to frame a prominent proper name before judgment. A coordinating kai {καὶ | kaí} then links to a result clause marked by egeneto {ἐγένετο | e-gé-ne-to} ‘became’, indicating a radical change of state. The predicate noun katoikētērion daimoniōn {κατοικητήριον δαιμονίων | ka-to-i-kē-tē-ri-on dai-mo-ní-ōn} ‘dwelling place of demons’ employs a genitive of characteristic. What follows is a tricolon of phylakē {φυλακὴ | phu-la-kē} ‘prison, haunt’ each governing pantos pneumatos akathartou {παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου | pan-tòs pneú-ma-tos a-ka-thár-tou} ‘of every unclean spirit’, pantos orneou akathartou {παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου | pan-tòs or-né-ou a-ka-thár-tou} ‘of every unclean bird’, and pantos thēriou akathartou kai memisēmenou {παντὸς θηρίου ἀκαθάρτου καὶ μεμισημένου | pan-tòs thē-ri-ou a-ka-thár-tou kai me-mi-sē-me-nou} ‘of every unclean and hated beast’. This anaphora underscores the comprehensive defilement and horror of the fallen city. |