καὶ

Alphabet Analysis

The word

1. word🔊 καὶ

   KAI

   and
2. sentence🔊 Καὶ φωνὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ θρόνου ἐξῆλθεν λέγουσα Αἰνεῖτε τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν πάντες οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ φοβούμενοι αὐτόν οἱ μικροὶ καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι

   KAI phō-NÊ a-PO tou THRO-nou ek-SÊL-then LE-gou-sa ai-NEI-te tō the-Ō hê-MON PAN-tes hoi DOU-loi au-TOU KAI hoi pho-BOU-me-noi au-TON hoi mi-KROI KAI hoi me-GA-loi

   and a voice from the throne came out saying praise the God our all the servants of him and the fearing him the small and the great

Exegesis

The clause opens with kai {Καὶ | Kaí} “and,” linking this heavenly scene to the surrounding narrative.

The addressees are expressed through pantes hoi douloi autou {πάντες οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ | pán-tes hoi doû-loi au-toû} “all His servants” and kai hoi phoboumenoi auton {καὶ οἱ φοβούμενοι αὐτόν | kaí hoi phō-boú-me-noi au-tón} “and those who fear Him,” two substantival participial groups marked by the article and coordinated with kai, highlighting both service and reverent fear.

The closing phrase hoi mikroi kai hoi megaloi {οἱ μικροὶ καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι | hoi mi-kroí kaí hoi me-gá-loi} “the small and the great” is a merism, expressing the totality of those summoned regardless of status. The English renderings preserve the imperative force (“praise” / “give praise”), keep the vocative sense by addressing “all His servants” and “all who honor Him,” and maintain the climactic inclusiveness of “small” and “great.”

Root and etymology

dikaioō🔊 δικαιόωdelta–iota–kappa–alpha–iota–omicron–omega

“to justify, declare righteous”

• 🔊 δικαίωμαdikaiōmarighteous regulation or actRomans 5:18
• 🔊 δικαιοσύνηdikaiosynērighteousnessRomans 3:21