καὶ

Alphabet Analysis

The word

1. word🔊 καὶ

   KAI

   and
2. sentence🔊 καὶ ἡ πόλις οὐ χρείαν ἔχει τοῦ ἡλίου οὐδὲ τῆς σελήνης ἵνα φαίνωσιν αὐτῇ ἡ γὰρ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐφώτισεν αὐτήν καὶ ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ ἀρνίον

   KAI hê PO-lis ou KʰREI-an E-kʰei tou hê-LI-ou ou-DE tês se-LÊ-nês HI-na PHAI-nō-sin au-TÊ hê GAR DO-ksa tou the-OU e-PHŌ-ti-sen au-TÊN KAI ho LY-kʰnos au-TÊS to ar-NI-on

   and the city not need has of the sun nor of the moon so that they might shine to it the for glory of the God gave light to it and the lamp of it the Lamb

Exegesis

The verse begins with the coordinate kai {καί | kaí} “and” introducing the fronted subject hē polis {ἡ πόλις | hē pó-lis} “the city,” followed by the negated noun chreian {χρείαν | chreí-an} “need” and the verb echei {ἔχει | é-khei} “has,” yielding “the city has no need.”

Finally, kai ho luchnos autēs to arnion {καὶ ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ ἀρνίον | kaí ho lý-kh-nos au-tês tò ar-ní-on} is a copula-less nominal clause where ho luchnos {ὁ λύχνος | ho lý-kh-nos} “the lamp” with genitive autēs {αὐτῆς | au-tês} “of it” is identified by the appositional to arnion {τὸ ἀρνίον | tò ar-ní-on} “the Lamb.” English makes the implicit “is” explicit and preserves the sequence of main clause, purpose clause, explanatory clause, and nominal clause.

Root and etymology

kainos🔊 καινόςkappa–alpha–iota–nu–omicron–sigma

“new, fresh”