| 9. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the prepositional phrase eis touto {εἰς τοῦτο | eis toû-to} ‘into this, for this’, which functions adverbially to state the goal or purpose of the subsequent actions. The postpositive conjunction gar {γὰρ | gár} links this statement logically to the preceding argument, providing an explanation. The subject Christos {Χριστός | Khris-tós} governs two coordinated aorist indicative verbs, apethanen {ἀπέθανεν | a-pé-tha-nen} ‘died’ and ezesen {ἔζησεν | é-zē-sen} ‘came to life’, presenting Christ’s death and resurrection as completed historical events. The subordinating conjunction hina {ἵνα | hína} introduces a purpose clause, within which the aorist subjunctive kyrieuse {κυριεύσῃ | ky-ri-eú-sē} ‘might rule, might be Lord’ expresses intended result. The coordinated genitives nekrōn {νεκρῶν | ne-krôn} ‘of the dead’ and zōntōn {ζώντων | zṓn-tōn} ‘of the living’ depend on kyrieuse as a genitive of subordination, conveying the scope over which His lordship extends. The double kai {καί … καί | kaí … kaí} construction is rendered as “both … and” to reflect the balanced parallelism. English preserves the fronted purpose expression (“For to this purpose / This is why”) to mirror the Greek emphasis that Christ’s death and resurrection have as their goal His universal lordship over all, whether dead or alive. |