| 17. Linguistic Exegesis The sentence begins with chairo {χαίρω | khaí-rō} ‘I rejoice’, a first-person present active indicative that foregrounds Paul’s emotion. The postpositive conjunction de {δὲ | dè} ‘but’ connects this remark to his preceding thoughts. The causal phrase epi tē parousia {ἐπὶ τῇ παρουσίᾳ | epí tē̂ paroúsia} ‘at the coming’ uses the preposition epi with the dative to mark the occasion of joy, with parousia indicating personal presence. A coordinated genitive chain of names, Stephana kai Phortunatou kai Achaikou {Στεφανᾶ καὶ Φορτουνάτου καὶ Ἀχαϊκοῦ | Ste-pha-nâ kaí Phor-tou-NÁ-tou kaí A-kha-i-KÛ} ‘of Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus’, specifies whose arrival is celebrated. The subordinating conjunction hoti {ὅτι | hó-ti} ‘because’ introduces the causal clause. The noun phrase to hymeteron hysterema {τὸ ὑμέτερον ὑστέρημα | tò hy-mé-te-ron hyst-érē-ma} ‘your lack’ identifies the shortfall belonging to the Corinthians. The demonstrative houtoi {οὗτοι | hóu-toi} ‘these’ functions as the subject of the aorist verb aneplerosan {ἀνεπλήρωσαν | a-ne-plē-rō-san} ‘they filled up’, emphasizing action as complete. This structure highlights the link between the cause of Paul’s joy and the fulfilled provision by these individuals. |