| 10. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the vav-consecutive verb wayyaʿaś {וַיַּ֥עַשׂ | wayyaʿăś} ‘and he made’, signaling narrative sequence. The subject is introduced by Tsidqiyyahu {צִדְקִיָּהוּ | Ṣidqiyyāhû} ‘Zedekiah’, modified by ben-kena’anah {בֶן־כְּנַעֲנָה | ben-kenāʿānāh} ‘son of Kenaanah’ in a construct chain. The object is specified by another construct pairing qarnê {קַרְנֵי | qarnê} ‘horns’ with barzel {בַרְזֶל | bārzel} ‘iron’, emphasizing the crafted instrument. The prophetic speech formula employs wayyōmer {וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ | wayyōmer} ‘and he said’, followed by kô-ʾāmar {כֹּה־אָמַר | kô-ʾāmar} ‘thus he says’, to introduce the divine oracle. The divine name Yahweh {יְהוָה | Yəhôwāh} appears as the speaker. The instrumental phrase bə-ʾelleh {בְּאֵ֛לֶּה | bə-ʾêl-leh} ‘with these’ places focus on the horns as a symbolic weapon. The verb tínaggēaḥ {תְּנַגַּ֥ח | tínaggēaḥ} ‘you will gore’ is a Piel imperfect directed at Aram. The particle et {אֶת־ | ʾet} marks Aram {אֲרָם | ʾArām} as the object. The clause ʿad-kallelôtām {עַד־כַּלּוֹתָם | ʿad-kallelôtām} ‘until their completion’ conveys total defeat. Hebrew word order highlights prophetic authority and the enacted symbol of judgment. |