| 13. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the vav-consecutive Piel verb vayya‘ad {וַיָּ֣עַד | wayyā‘aḏ} ‘and he warned/testified,’ which introduces an emphatic prophetic action. The subject is the LORD acting in both Israel (beyisra’el {בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל | bə-Yisrā’ēl}) and Judah (uviyhudah {וּבִיהוּדָ֡ה | ū-bi-Ye-hūdāh}). The agency is expressed by the construct chain beyad kol-nevio nevi’ei kol-chozeh {בְּיַד כָּל־נביאו נְבִיאֵ֨י כָל־חֹזֶ֜ה | bə-yāḏ kol-neḇî’ô neḇî’ê kol-ḥō-zēh}, amplifying the comprehensive witness of all prophets and seers. The parallel imperatives shuvu {שֻׁבוּ | šûḇû} “turn back” and veshimru {וְשִׁמְרוּ | wə-šimrû} “keep” contrast repentance with obedience. The relative clauses kekhol-hatorah asher tsiviti et-avoteikhem and ve-asher shalakḥti aleikhem {כְּכָל־הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶת־אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲשֶׁר שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם | kə-kōl-hattôrāh ’ă-šer ṣivîṯî ’et-’ā-ḇōṯê-khem wə-’ăšer šalakḥtî ’ă-lêy-khem} link past legal commands with the current prophetic commission in a chiastic structure, emphasizing continuity. The closing phrase be-YAD avadai ha-nevi’im {בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדַ֥י הַנְּבִיאִֽים | bə-yāḏ ’ă-ḇā-ḏāy hannĕ-ḇî’îm} mirrors the opening agency, reinforcing the mediated divine authority. |