| 20. Linguistic Exegesis The sentence begins with the nominative article–participle cluster hoi akousantes {οἱ ἀκούσαντες | hoí akoúsantes}, which functions as the subject in a circumstantial participial construction indicating “when they heard this.” The imperfect main verb edoxazon {ἐδόξαζον | edóxazon} portrays ongoing glorification of God as the initial reaction. This is followed by the aorist main verb eipon {εἶπόν | eîpon} with the enclitic te {τε | te}, linking the act of speech directly to the praise. The dative pronoun auto {αὐτῷ | autô} identifies the addressee in indirect address. The direct speech opens with the present verb theoreis {Θεωρεῖς | Theōreîs} “you see,” followed by the vocative adelphe {ἀδελφέ | adelphé}, emphasizing fraternal solidarity. The interrogative adjective posai {πόσαι | pósai} and noun myriades {μυριάδες | myriádes} form a quantitative question “how many myriads,” a hyperbolic expression for a very large number. The prepositional phrase en tois Ioudaiois {ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις | en toîs Ioudaíois} locates the group, and the partitive genitive tôn pepisteukótōn {τῶν πεπιστευκότων | tôn pepisteukótōn} “of those who have believed” specifies the subset among the Jews. The coordinated clause kaí pántes zēlōtaí toû nómou hypárchousin {καὶ πάντες ζηλωταὶ τοῦ νόμου ὑπάρχουσιν | kaí pántes zēlōtaí toû nómou hypárchousin} uses pantes as the subject with hyparchousin as an existential verb, affirming that all in that group are “zealous for the law.” In translation, the participial clause is rendered as a temporal clause, and the existential statement is conveyed as “are,” preserving both temporal nuance and emphatic universal zeal. |