| 33. Linguistic Exegesis The adverb tote {τότε | tó-te} marks temporal progression in the narrative. The aorist participle engisas {ἐγγίσας | en-gi-sás-as} functions as a circumstantial participle, indicating the commander’s approach prior to action. The subject ho chiliarchos {ὁ χιλίαρχος | khi-lí-ár-khōs} identifies the military officer. The aorist middle epelabeto {ἐπελάβετο | e-pe-lá-be-to} emphasizes his personal involvement in the seizure. The verb ekéleuse {ἐκέλευσε | e-ké-leu-se} governs the infinitive dethenai {δεθῆναι | de-thē-nai}, with the dative phrase alysesesi dysi {ἁλύσεσι δυσί | ha-lý-sé-se-si dy-sí} expressing both instrument and number (“with two chains”). The imperfect middle epynthaneto {ἐπυνθάνετο | e-pyn-thá-ne-to} introduces two indirect questions: tis eie {τίς εἴη | tís eí-ē} “who he was” using the optative for reported inquiry, and ti estin pepoiekōs {τί ἐστιν πεποιηκώς | tí és-tin pe-poi-ē-kṓs} “what he has done,” combining the present indicative with a perfect participle to convey completed past action with present relevance. |