| 21. Linguistic Exegesis The genitive absolute polles te asitias hyparchouses {Πολλῆς τε ἀσιτίας ὑπαρχούσης | pol-lês te a-si-tí-as hy-par-khoú-sēs} sets a temporal background of severe hunger. The participle statheis {σταθεὶς | sta-theís} foregrounds Paul’s deliberate action of positioning himself before the statement introduced by edei {Ἔδει | é-dei}, an impersonal verb expressing necessity. The accusative participle peitharchesantas {πειθαρχήσαντάς | peith-arkhḗ-san-tas} plus infinitive anagesthai {ἀνάγεσθαι | a-ná-ges-thai} conveys the obligation that was neglected. The infinitive kerdesai {κερδῆσαί | ker-dê-sai} takes two accusatives, hybrin tauten kai ten zemian {ὕβριν ταύτην καὶ τὴν ζημίαν | hý-brin taú-tēn kaí tḕn zē-mí-an}, indicating what could have been avoided; English renders these with counterfactual modals to capture the missed-opportunity nuance. |