| 38. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the aorist passive participle koresthentes {κορεσθέντες | kores-théntes} ‘having been satisfied,’ which functions temporally to mark a completed action prior to the main verb. The genitive trophes {τροφῆς | tro-phês} serves as a genitive of means, indicating what provided satisfaction (‘with food’). The postpositive particle de {δὲ | dé} connects this clause to the preceding narrative. The imperfect active indicative ekouphizon {ἐκούφιζον | e-koú-phi-zon} conveys the ongoing action of lightening the vessel. Its direct object to ploion {τὸ πλοῖον | tò ploî-on} identifies the ship as the target of relief. The present middle participle ekballomenoi {ἐκβαλλόμενοι | ek-bal-ló-me-noi} is circumstantial, showing manner (‘by throwing out’). The object ton siton {τὸν σῖτον | tòn sî-ton} specifies that the wheat cargo is what is discarded. Finally, the prepositional phrase eis ten thalassan {εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν | eis tḕn thá-las-san} indicates the destination (‘into the sea’). In English, the participial construction is rendered as a temporal clause and the imperfect as a continuous action, while the circumstantial participle becomes a prepositional phrase to reflect the original syntax. |