| 4. Linguistic Exegesis The prohibition opens with the negative particle lo {לֹא | lōʾ} preceding the imperfect tirʾeh {תִרְאֶה | ṯirʾeh}, framing a forbidding command. The direct objects ḥamor {חֲמוֹר | ḥămôr} and ʾāḥîkā {אָחִיךָ | ʾāḥîkā} are linked by ʾō {אוֹ | ʾō} to šôrô {שׁוֹרוֹ | šôrô}, highlighted by the participle nōp̄lîm {נֹפְלִים | nōp̄lîm} for ongoing vulnerability. The reflexive perfect Hitpael form vəhittʿallamta {וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ | wə-ḥittʿallamta} indicates intentional avoidance, while the double Hiphil sequence hāqēm {הָקֵם | hāqēm} and ṭoqîm {תָּקִים | ṭoqîm} intensifies the obligation to restore the animal. The prepositional phrase ʿimmô {עִמּוֹ | ʿimmô} directs cooperative action with the owner. These structures underscore communal responsibility and active compassion. |