| 35. Linguistic Exegesis The verse continues the narrative with the vav consecutive verb vatashkena {וַתַּשְׁקֶינָה | wat-taš-qê-nāh} ‘and they made drink’, linking it to the previous scene and conveying causative action. The adverb gam {גַּם | gam} ‘also’ underscores repetition. The temporal phrase balayla hahu {בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא | bal-lay-lāh ha-hûʾ} ‘that night’ situates the events in the same timeframe. The direct object marker et with avi-hen yayin {אֶת־אֲבִיהֶן יָיִן | ʾeṯ-ʾă-vî-hen yā-yin} indicates that “their father” is the recipient of the wine. The focus then shifts to the younger daughter through hatse’irah {הַצְּעִירָה | haṣ-ṣe-ʿî-rāh} ‘the younger’ followed by sequential actions in the Qal imperfect vatakam {וַתָּקָם | wat-tā-qām} ‘and she arose’ and vatishkav {וַתִּשְׁכַּב | wat-tiš-kab} ‘and she lay’, demonstrating deliberate plan. The prepositional phrase immo {עִמּוֹ | ʿim-mô} ‘with him’ conveys the union, while velo yada‘ {וְלֹא־יָדַע | wə-lōʾ yā-daʿ} ‘and he was not aware’ introduces Lot’s total ignorance. This ignorance is framed by the merism be-shikhvah u-ve-kumah {בְּשִׁכְבָהּ וּבְקֻמָהּ | bə-šiḵ-bāh û-ḇə-qu-māh} ‘in her lying down and in her rising up’, covering the entire episode. The English translations preserve the coordinated verbs and temporal phrases to reflect the narrative flow and merism. |