| 10. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the vav-consecutive Niphal perfect ve-ne’esaf {וְנֶאֱסַ֨ף | nəʾəṣāp} ‘and is removed’, introducing a divine decree. It governs two coordinated direct objects, simchah {שִׂמְחָה | śimḥā} ‘joy’ and vagil {וָגִיל | wâgil} ‘gladness’, linked by the conjunction vav. The spatial scope is defined by the nested prepositional phrases min-ha-karmel {מִן־הַכַּרְמֶל | min-ha-ḵarmēl} ‘from the fruitful field’ and u-va-keramim {וּבַכְּרָמִ֛ים | ū-va-ḵarāmîm} ‘and in the vineyards’. A pair of prohibitions, lo-yerunnan {לֹֽא־יְרֻנָּ֖ן | lōʾ-ye-runnān} and lo yeroa {לֹ֣א יְרֹעָע | lōʾ yĕ-rō-ʿāʿ}, emphatically forbids singing and shouting. The oracle then shifts to harvest imagery with yayin ba-yeqavim {יַיִן בַּיְקָבִ֛ים | yā-yīn ba-yā-qā-vîm} ‘wine in the presses’, the negated action lo-yidrokh {לֹֽא־יִדְרֹךְ | lōʾ-yiḏ-rōḵ} ‘will not tread’, and ha-dorekh {הַדֹּרֵ֖ךְ | ha-dō-rē-kh} ‘the treader’. The conclusion, heidad {הֵידָד | hēy-dād} ‘vintage shout’ followed by the Hiphil perfect hishbatti {הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי | hiš-ba-tî} ‘I have caused to cease’, delivers a stark closure. The parallelism and repeated negatives underscore the totality of the judgment. |