| 13. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the vav-consecutive {וְ | wə} ‘and’ prefixed to the Hiphil perfect hēṭalti {הֵטַלְתִּ֣י | hē-ṭal-tî} ‘I will cast’, indicating a prophetic future action. Displacement is framed by the parallel prepositional phrases meʿal haʾāreṣ hazzōt {מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת | mē-ʿal hā-ʾā-reṣ haz-zōṯ} ‘from this land’ and al-haʾāreṣ ʾăšer {עַל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר | ʿal-hā-ʾā-reṣ ʾă-šer} ‘to the land that’, which introduces the relative clause lō yedaʿtem {לֹא יְדַעְתֶּם | lō yə-daʿ-tem} ‘you have not known’ with wa-ʾavōteikhem {וַאֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם | wa-ʼă-ḇō-ṯê-ḵem} ‘nor your fathers’. The resultant waʿăvadtem-šām {וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־שָׁם | wa-ʿă-ḇad-tem-šām} ‘and you shall serve there’ employs ʿābad in a ritual context, with the compound elohim ăḥērîm {אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים | ʼĕ-lō-hîm ʼă-ḥē-rîm} ‘foreign gods’ highlighting idolatry. The Hiphil imperfect lōʾ-etēn khanīnāh {לֹא־אֶתֵּ֥ן חֲנִינָֽה | lōʾ-et-ṭēn ḥă-nî-nāh} ‘I will not grant favor’ serves as a consequence clause, underscoring the withdrawal of divine compassion. The translations capture the forceful causation of the Hiphil and the service/worship distinction of ʿābad across the styles. |