John 19:17 — ExegesisTAB

The verse opens with the conjunction kai {καὶ | kaí}, linking this scene to the preceding narrative, followed by a circumstantial participial phrase bastazon hautō ton stauron {βαστάζων αὑτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν | bastázōn hautô ton staurón} that describes the manner in which the implicit subject (Jesus) proceeds. The aorist finite verb exelthen {ἐξῆλθεν | exêlthen} functions as the main narrative action, with the participle subordinate and temporally concurrent (“while carrying”). The prepositional phrase eis ton legomenon kraniou topon {εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον | eis tón legómenon Kraníou Tópon} expresses movement toward a destination; here the attributive participle legomenon {λεγόμενον | legómenon} modifies topon {Τόπον | Tópon} to mean “the place that is called ‘of a skull.’” The relative clause ho legetai hebraisti Golgotha {ὃ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθα | ho légetai Hebraistì Golgothâ} further explains the name in the local Semitic language, using legetai {λέγεται | légetai} in the present passive to give a standing designation. In translation, the participial construction is rendered as an English temporal-manner clause (“And carrying the cross for Himself…” / “took up His own cross”) while preserving the main verb “went out” and the prepositional structure, and the double naming (“Place of a Skull” / Golgotha) is kept to reflect the explanatory function of the Greek relative clause.