| 28. Linguistic Exegesis The sentence opens with the adverbial prepositional phrase meta touto {Μετὰ τοῦτο | metà toû-to} “after this,” which marks a narrative transition and situates the timing of the event. The perfect participle eidōs {εἰδὼς | ei-dṓs} “knowing” precedes the subject ho Iesous {ὁ Ἰησοῦς | ho Iē-soûs} and forms a circumstantial participial clause; it presents Jesus’ conscious awareness as the background circumstance to His subsequent speech. The content clause hoti edē panta tetelestai {ὅτι ἤδη πάντα τετέλεσται | hó-ti ḗ-dē pán-ta te-té-les-tai} uses the perfect passive of teleo to describe that “all things” are in a state of having been accomplished, highlighting the finality and continuing effect of His completed mission. The conjunction hina {ἵνα | hí-na} introduces the purpose clause hina teleiōthē hē graphē {ἵνα τελειωθῇ ἡ γραφὴ | hí-na te-lei-ō-thē hē gra-phḗ} “so that the Scripture might be fulfilled,” which most naturally modifies the main verb legei {λέγει | lé-gei}; Jesus speaks these words with the purpose that the written prophecy come to completion. The present tense legei functions as a historical present, adding vividness to the narrative. Direct discourse follows in the concise utterance dipsō {Διψῶ | dip-sô} “I thirst,” whose brevity intensifies the scene of suffering and fulfillment. In translation, the participial construction is rendered with an explicit finite verb (“knowing that”) tied to the subject for clarity in English, and the hina clause is conveyed with “in order that” or “so that” to bring out the purposive nuance. The perfect aspect of tetelestai is expressed as “were already accomplished” and “had been finished,” while the aorist subjunctive teleiōthē is reflected in “might be fulfilled,” preserving both the sense of completed action and intentional fulfillment of Scripture. |