| 12. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the universal quantifier kol {כָּל־ | kol} ‘all,’ intensifying the scope of mamlekut {מַמְלְכ֥וּת | mam-lə-kûṯ} ‘kingdom’ and the proper noun Og {עוֹג֙ | ʿÔg}. The locative phrase baBashan {בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן | ba-bā-šān} ‘in the Bashan’ sets the geographic context. The relative pronoun asher {אֲשֶׁר־ | ’ă-šer} ‘who’ introduces a defining clause with malakh {מָלַ֥ךְ | mā-laḵ} ‘he reigned,’ modified by the dual place names beAshtarot {בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת | bə-’aš-tā-rōṯ} and uveEdrei {וּבְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי | ū-ḇə-’eḏ-rē-yi}. The independent pronoun hu {ה֤וּא | hû} ‘he’ emphasizes Og’s unique survival when nishar {נִשְׁאַר֙ | niš-’ār} ‘remained’ (Niphal perfect) from the miyeter {מִיֶּ֣תֶר | miy-ye-ter} ‘remnant’ of haRefaim {הָרְפָאִ֔ים | hā-rə-pā-’îm} ‘the Rephaim.’ The narrative then shifts with the vav-consecutive verbs vayyakem {וַיַּכֵּ֥ם | way-ya-kēm} ‘and he struck them’ and vayyiroshem {וַיֹּרִשֵֽׁם | way-yi-rē-šēm} ‘and he dispossessed them,’ with Mosheh {מֹשֶׁ֖ה | mō-šēh} ‘Moses’ as the agent. The construct chains and vav-consecutive forms drive the historical sequence and highlight both Og’s isolation and Moses’ decisive victory. |