| 19. Linguistic Exegesis The narrative uses the vav-consecutive Qal imperfect verb vayikach {וַיִּקַּ֨ח | wayyiqqāḥ} ‘and he took’ to introduce Manoah {מָנ֜וֹחַ | Mānōaḥ} ‘Manoah’ as the agent. The direct object marker et {אֶת־ | ʾeṯ} ‘direct object marker’ introduces gedi {גְּדִי | geḏî} ‘kid’ in construct with hā-ʿiz-zîm {הָעִזִּים | hā-ʿiz-zîm} ‘the goats’, specifying the sacrificial animal. The Hiphil imperfect wayyaʿal {וַיַּ֥עַל | wayyaʿal} ‘offered up’ combines with the prepositional phrase ʿal-hā-ṣûr {עַל־הַצּ֖וּר | ʿal-hā-ṣûr} ‘upon the rock’ and the dative la-Yahweh {לַֽיהוָ֑ה | la-Yahweh} ‘to the LORD’, marking the divine recipient of the sacrifice. The Hiphil participle u-maflî {וּמַפְלִ֣א | u-maflî} ‘and performed wondrous deeds’ plus the infinitive la-ʿăśôt {לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת | la-ʿăśôt} ‘to do’ conveys an ongoing miraculous action, with the subject implied as Yahweh by context. Finally, the participle rôʾîm {רֹאִֽים | rôʾîm} ‘were seeing’ portrays Manoah and his wife as continuous witnesses of the divine act. |