| 12. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the aorist participle idon {ἰδὼν | idṓn} ‘having seen’, functioning temporally to set the scene for the main action. The conjunction de {δὲ | dè} connects this episode to the prior context. The pronoun auten {αὐτὴν | autḗn} ‘her’ precedes the subject ho Iesous {ὁ Ἰησοῦς | ho Iē-soûs}, momentarily spotlighting the woman before naming Jesus. Two sequential aorist indicatives, prosephōnēsen {προσεφώνησεν | prosephṓnēsen} ‘He called’ and eipen {εἶπεν | eîpen} ‘He said’, portray a swift, unified response. The dative pronoun autē {αὐτῇ | autḗ} marks the indirect object of His speech, and the vocative gynai {Γύναι | gúnai} ‘Woman’ underscores direct, personal address. The perfect apolélusai {ἀπολέλυσαι | apolélusai} conveys a completed act of liberation with ongoing effects. The genitive phrase tēs astheneias sou {τῆς ἀσθενείας σου | tês astheneías sou} specifies the burden from which she is freed—her own infirmity. In translation, the participle becomes a temporal clause (“when Jesus saw her”) and the perfect is rendered with “have been released” and “are set free” to reflect enduring results. |