| 16. Linguistic Exegesis The clause opens with paradothēsesthe {παραδοθήσεσθε | paradothḗsesthe} ‘you will be handed over,’ placing the disciples in the position of sufferers rather than agents. The connective de {δὲ | dè} ‘but’ marks a turn in the warning, while the repeated kai {καὶ | kaí} ‘and’ creates a polysyndetic chain that slows the sentence and piles up the sources of hostility. The preposition hypo {ὑπὸ | hypó} ‘by’ governs the whole coordinated list that follows, so parents, brothers, relatives, and friends all function together as the hostile source. The final clause shifts to thanatōsousin {θανατώσουσιν | thanatṓsousin} ‘they will put to death,’ with an implicit subject left unnamed; this broadens the threat without identifying the persecutors. The phrase ex hymōn {ἐξ ὑμῶν | ex hymôn} ‘from among you’ is best understood partitively, indicating that only some within the addressed group will be killed. |